Constructing Sustainability through Host-Guest Interactions
Youth Experiences in Yogyakarta Farmstay Tourism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36276/mws.v24i1.1087Keywords:
Farmstay, Host and Guest Interaction, Youth Market, Hospitality, OmotenashiAbstract
For many years, the public has been interested in farmstays as a type of lodging provided by agritourism. Farmstays, which were first established by pilgrims and then spread to Italy and other nations, involve significant dynamics and conflicts in the host-guest relationship. Host and visitor relations rank among the most significant aspects of tourism. Examining host-guest interactions in an Indonesian farmstay context for the young market was the aim of this study. This study demonstrates that all farmstays are classified as working farms with various contacts and authenticity of agritourism products, based on qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve host and guest in twelve representative farmstays from twelve districts in the Kulon Progo region, Jogjakarta. The outcome also demonstrates the multidimensional character of interactions between hosts and guests, which take into account boundaries, time, place, and purpose. The results also demonstrate how interactions between the host and guests influenced the visitors' experiences during their farmstay and strengthen the host's hospitality. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that Indonesian hospitality may be further enhanced by taking inspiration from the Japanese hospitality called Omotenashi as a model.
References
Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M.(1977) Attitude–behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research, Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), pp. 888–918.
Al-Alsheikh, A.(2014) The origin of Japanese excellent customer service, Keiei Senryaku Kenkyu (Studies in Business and Accounting), (8), pp. 23–42.
Alhojailan, M.I.(2012) Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation, West East Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), pp. 39–47.
Ammirato, S., Felicetti, A.M., Raso, C., Pansera, B.A. and Violi, A.(2020) Agritourism and sustainability: What we can learn from a systematic literature review, Sustainability, 12(22), p. 9575.
Arroyo, C.G., Barbieri, C. and Rich, S.R.(2013) Defining agritourism: A comparative study of stakeholders perceptions in Missouri and North Carolina’, Tourism Management, 37, pp. 39–47.
Attride-Stirling, J.(2001) Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research, Qualitative Research, 1(3), pp. 385–405.
Badan Pusat Statistik(2020) Jumlah Perguruan Tinggi, Mahasiswa dan Tenaga Pendidik Menurut Provinsi, 2019. [online] Available at: https://www.bps.go.id (Accessed: 1 August 2022).
Badan Pusat Statistik(2021) Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2021. [online] Available at: https://www.bps.go.id (Accessed: 22 August 2022).
Badan Pusat Statistik(2022) Jumlah Sekolah, Guru, dan Murid SMA Menurut Provinsi, 2021/2022. [online] Available at: https://www.bps.go.id (Accessed: 1 August 2022).
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kulon Progo(2022) Kabupaten Kulon Progo dalam Angka 2022. [online] Available at: https://kulonprogokab.bps.go.id (Accessed: 23 August 2022).
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta(2022) Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dalam Angka 2022. [online] Available at: https://yogyakarta.bps.go.id (Accessed: 21 August 2022).
Bekhet, A.K. and Zauszniewski, J.A.(2012) Methodological triangulation: An approach to understanding data, Nurse Researcher.
Belal, H.M., Shirahada, K. and Kosaka, M.(2013) Value co-creation with customer through recursive approach based on Japanese Omotenashi service, International Journal of Business Administration.
Biggam, J.(2021) Succeeding with your Master’s Dissertation: A Step-by-Step Handbook. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education.
Bimonte, S. and Punzo, L.F.(2016) Tourist development and host–guest interaction: An economic exchange theory, Annals of Tourism Research, 58, pp. 128–139.
Bintoro, R., Sundawati, L. and Mulyani, Y.A.(2022) Development strategy of the Bird Nest Adoption Program in the Community Forest of Jatimulyo Village, Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 10(3), pp. 345–357.
Brandano, M.G., Osti, L. and Pulina, M.(2018) How motivations and satisfaction influence wine tourists loyalty?’, International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research.
Braun, V. and Clarke, V.(2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), pp. 77–101.
Budiman, S.F. and Ningrum, L.(2019) Homestay in rural tourism: Is it attractive for urban communities in Indonesia, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 4(11), pp. 537–543.
Busby, G. and Rendle, S.(2000) The transition from tourism on farms to farm tourism, Tourism Management, 21(6), pp. 635–642.
Chapman, J.A. and Lovell, G.(2006) The competency model of hospitality service: Why it does not deliver, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Chase, L.C., Stewart, M., Schilling, B., Smith, B. and Walk, M.(2018) Agritourism: Toward a conceptual framework for industry analysis, Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 8(1), pp. 13–19.
Ciolac, R. et al.(2019) Agritourism – A sustainable development factor, Sustainability, 11(5), p. 1467.
Ciolac, R. et al.(2020) Agritourism activity: A smart chance for sustainability, Sustainability, 12(15), p. 6237.
Crompton, J.L.(1979) Motivations for pleasure vacation, Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), pp. 408–424.
Crowe, S. et al.(2011) The case study approach, BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), pp. 1–9.
Davies, D. and Dodd, J.(2002) Qualitative research and the question of rigor, Qualitative Health Research, 12(2), pp. 279–289.
Dawson, C.(2009) Introduction to Research Methods. 4th edn. Oxford: How To Books.
Dean, D. and Suhartanto, D.(2019) The formation of visitor behavioural intention, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(5), pp. 393–403.
DiCicco-Bloom, B. and Crabtree, B.F.(2006) The qualitative research interview, Medical Education, 40(4), pp. 314–321.
Donaldson, J. and Momsen, J.(2011) Farm-stay tourism in California, in Tourism and Agriculture. London: Routledge, pp. 163–172.
Eloksari, E.A.(2021) Tourism players oppose mandatory CHSE certification, The Jakarta Post. [online] Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com (Accessed: 29 August 2022).
Eusébio, C.A. and Carneiro, M.J.A.(2012) Determinants of tourist–host interactions, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 13(2), pp. 123–151.
Evgrafova, L.V., Ismailova, A.Z. and Kalinichev, V.L.(2020) Agrotourism as a factor of sustainable rural development, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 421(2), p. 022058.
FAO(2022) Indonesia. [online] Available at: https://www.fao.org (Accessed: 13 August 2022).
Field, A.M.(1999) The college student market segment, Journal of Travel Research, 37(4), pp. 375–381.
Flanigan, S., Blackstock, K. and Hunter, C.(2014) Agritourism from the perspective of providers and visitors, Tourism Management, 40, pp. 394–405.
Flick, U.(2004) Triangulation in qualitative research, A Companion to Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Fossey, E. et al.(2002) Understanding and evaluating qualitative research, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(6), pp. 717–732.
Fylan, F.(2005) Semi-structured interviewing, in A Handbook of Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gnoth, J.(1997) Tourism motivation and expectation formation, Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), pp. 283–304.
Goodson, L. and Phillimore, J.(2004) The inquiry paradigm in qualitative tourism research, in Qualitative Research in
Tourism. London: Routledge.
Guba, E.G. and Lincoln, Y.S.(1994) Competing paradigms in qualitative research, in Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hamzah, A.(2007) Malaysian homestays from the perspective of young Japanese tourists: The quest for Furusato, in Asian Tourism: Growth and Change. London: Routledge, pp. 213–228.
Harmon II, D.(2018) Decentred hospitality: Omotenashi culture and the foreign visitor in Japan, Hokuriku University Bulletin, (46), pp. 53–70.
Hepple, J., Kipps, M. and Thomson, J.(1990) The concept of hospitality and an evaluation of its applicability to the experience of hospital patients, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 9(4), pp. 305–318.
Hong, J. and Cross Francis, D.(2020) Unpacking complex phenomena through qualitative inquiry: The case of teacher identity research, Educational Psychologist, 55(4), pp. 208–219.
Hopf, C.(2004) Qualitative interviews: An overview, in A Companion to Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Ikeda, N.(2013) Omotenashi: Japanese hospitality as the global standard, in Monden, Y., Imai, N. and Matsuo, T. (eds.) Management of Service Businesses in Japan. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, pp. 145–154.
Indonesia Tourism(2022) About Wonderful Indonesia. [online] Available at: https://www.indonesia-tourism.com (Accessed: 8 June 2022).
Indonesia Travel(2022) Top 9 most favourite places for your 2021 travel bucket list in Indonesia. [online] Available at: https://www.indonesia.travel (Accessed: 7 June 2022).
Jalil, N.A.A., Fikry, A. and Zainuddin, A.(2016) E-atmospheric effects on youth intention to revisit a café, Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, pp. 497–503.
Jamal, S.A., Othman, N.A. and Muhammad, N.M.N.(2011) Tourist perceived value in a community-based homestay visit, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 17(1), pp. 5–15.
Jamaludin, M., Aziz, A. and Mariapan, M.(2018) Millennial travellers decision making influenced through user-generated content’, Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 3(8), pp. 44–55.
James, A. et al.(2017) Using lifestyle analysis to develop lodging packages for staycation travellers, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(4), pp. 387–415.
Japan Travel(2022) Omotenashi. [online] Available at: https://www.japan.travel (Accessed: 25 March 2022).
Jelardi, A.(2012) Storia del turismo e del viaggio in Italia. Milan: Mursia.
Junjie, M. and Yingxin, M.(2022) The discussions of positivism and interpretivism, Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4.
Kastenholz, E. et al.(2013) Host–guest relationships in rural tourism, Anatolia, 24(3), pp. 367–380.
Kastenholz, E. and Sparrer, M.(2009) Rural dimensions of the commercial home, in Commercial Homes in Tourism. London: Routledge, pp. 158–170.
Kayat, K.(2008) Stakeholders perspectives toward a community-based rural tourism development’, European Journal of Tourism Research, 1(2), pp. 94–111.
Kim, K.Y. and Jogaratnam, G.(2003) Travel motivations, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 13(4), pp. 61–82.
King, C.A.(1995) What is hospitality?, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 14(3–4), pp. 219–234.
Kothari, C.R.(2004) Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International.
Kuboyama, T.(2020) Omotenashi must comprise hospitality and service, in International Conference on Serviceology. Singapore: Springer, pp. 34–53.
Kuhn, T.S.(2015) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuraesin, U.(2021) Omotenashi concept in Japanese expression in hospitality, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(8), pp. 458–462.
Lauri, M.A.(2011) Triangulation of data analysis techniques, Papers on Social Representations, 20(2), pp. 34–1.
Lengefeld, K.(2011) Benefits for rural areas, Rural 21, 45(4), pp. 12–15.
Leo, G. et al.(2021) Attraction loyalty, destination loyalty, and motivation, Current Issues in Tourism, 24(9), pp. 1244–1256.
Liu-Lastres, B. and Cahyanto, I.P.(2021) Exploring the host–guest interaction in tourism crisis communication, Current Issues in Tourism, 24(15), pp. 2097–2109.
Marshall, M.N.(1996) Sampling for qualitative research, Family Practice, 13(6), pp. 522–526.
Matyakubov, U. and Defrancesco, E.(2018) Role of agritourism in sustainable rural development in Uzbekistan, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3, pp. 88–102.
McIntosh, A.J. and Bonnemann, S.M.(2006) Willing workers on organic farms (WWOOF), Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(1), pp. 82–99.
Morishita, S.(2016) Managing omotenashi in onsen ryokans, Journal of Global Tourism Research, 1(2), pp. 157–160.
Murti, D.C.W.(2020) Locating Nation: Interactions between Indonesians and Australians in Two Cultural Heritage Villages. PhD thesis. Curtin University.
Muslim, H.F.M., Numata, S. and Yahya, N.A.(2017) Development of Malaysian homestay tourism: A review, International Journal of Tourism Science, 10, pp. 65–74.
Nikjoo, A.H. and Ketabi, M.(2015) The role of push and pull factors in the way tourists choose their destination, Anatolia, 26(4), pp. 588–597.
Nugroho, M.S. and Asriadi, L.(2020) Potensi dan problematika desa wisata, Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality, 9(1), pp. 63–70.
Office for National Statistics(2019) Youth age groups breakdown of age groups 13 to 29 years and 16 to 29 years by sex, regions and education status in UK. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk (Accessed: 21 August 2022).
Ohe, Y.(2020) Features and challenges of rural tourism in Japan, in Community-based Rural Tourism and Entrepreneurship. Singapore: Springer, pp. 33–47.
Ohe, Y. and Kurihara, S.(2013) Evaluating the complementary relationship between local brand farm products and rural tourism, Tourism Management, 35, pp. 278–283.
Ohe, Y. and Peypoch, N.(2016) Efficiency analysis of Japanese ryokans, Tourism Economics, 22(6), pp. 1261–1273.
Oppermann, M.(1999) Predicting destination choice: A discussion of destination loyalty, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 5(1), pp. 51–65.
Ose, S.O.(2016) Using Excel and Word to structure qualitative data, Journal of Applied Social Science, 10(2), pp. 147–162.
Oun, M.A. and Bach, C.(2014) Qualitative research method summary, Qualitative Research, 1(5), pp. 252–258.
Pearce, P.L.(1990) Farm tourism in New Zealand, Annals of Tourism Research, 17(3), pp. 337–352.
Phillimore, J. and Goodson, L.(2004) Qualitative research in tourism. London: Routledge.
Phillip, S., Hunter, C. and Blackstock, K.(2010) A typology for defining agritourism, Tourism Management, 31(6), pp. 754–758.
Pizam, A., Uriely, N. and Reichel, A.(2000) The intensity of tourist–host social relationship and its effects, Tourism Management, 21(4), pp. 395–406.
Prebensen, N.K. and Foss, L.(2011) Coping and co‐creating in tourist experiences, International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(1), pp. 54–67.
Prentice, R.C., Witt, S.F. and Wydenbach, E.G.(1994) The endearment behaviour of tourists, Tourism Management, 15(2), pp. 117–125.
Priyatmojo, A.S.(2011) Positive and negative politeness of Javanese people. [online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu (Accessed: 30 August 2022).
Reisinger, Y.(2010) International tourism: Cultures and behaviour. London: Routledge.
Robson, C.(1993) Real world research. Oxford: Blackwell.
Santucci, F.M.(2017) Agritourism for rural development in Italy. Perugia: University of Perugia.
Sato, Y. and Al-Alsheikh, A.(2014) Comparative analysis of Western hospitality and Japanese omotenashi, Business &
Accounting Review, (14), pp. 1–15.
Scheyvens, R.(2003) Local involvement in managing tourism, in Tourism in destination communities. Wallingford: CABI, pp. 229–252.
Schmidt, C.(2004) The analysis of semi-structured interviews, in A companion to qualitative research. London: Sage.
Sharma, G.(2017) Pros and cons of different sampling techniques, International Journal of Applied Research, 3(7), pp. 749–752.
Shimoguchi, N. et al.(2015) Impact of farm-based learning practices on young farmers, Journal of the International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences, 21(2), pp. 143–167.
Shofa, J.N.(2021) Igniting tourism recovery with tourist villages, Jakarta Globe. [online] Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id (Accessed: 25 March 2022).
SIM Aparatur Pemerintah Kalurahan Kabupaten Kulon Progo(2022) Data kapanewon. [online] Available at: http://siapdes.kulonprogokab.go.id (Accessed: 22 August 2022).
Smith, J.A.(1995) Semi-structured interviewing and qualitative analysis.
Srikatanyoo, N. and Campiranon, K.(2010) Agritourist needs and motivations, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(2), pp. 166–178.
Statista(2021) Coronavirus: Impact on staycations in the UK. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com (Accessed: 30 August 2022).
Statista(2022) Agriculture industry in Indonesia. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com (Accessed: 7 August 2022).
Statista(2022) Contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) of Indonesia by industry. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com (Accessed: 8 August 2022).
Su, M.M. and Wall, G.(2010) Implications of host–guest interactions, Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 58(1), pp. 37–50.
Suni, J. and Pesonen, J.(2019) Hunters as tourists, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 19(2), pp. 175–191.
Taherdoost, H.(2016) Sampling methods in research methodology, International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), pp. 18–27.
Takigawa, C.(2013) Presentation by Tokyo, Japan. [video] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frLZeeU9760 (Accessed: 30 June 2022).
Teraoka, S.(2020) Mobility turn in rural districts in Japan, in Understanding Tourism Mobilities in Japan. Singapore: Springer.
Tew, C. and Barbieri, C.(2012) The perceived benefits of agritourism: The providers perspective’, Tourism Management, 33(1), pp. 215–224.
The Center of Statistical Bureau(2022) Jumlah desa/kelurahan menurut provinsi 2021. [online] Available at: https://www.bps.go.id (Accessed: 24 March 2022).
The Japan Agricultural News(2016) Wave of “nohaku” farm stays approaches. [online] Available at: http://english.agrinews.co.jp (Accessed: 30 March 2022).
The Japan Times(2018) New group to promote agricultural tourism in rural Japan. [online] Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp (Accessed: 28 March 2022).
Travel Voice(2018) International farm stay travellers in Japan. [online] Available at: https://www.travelvoice.jp (Accessed: 25 March 2022).
Tucker, H.(2003) The host–guest relationship and its implications in rural tourism, in New directions in rural tourism. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 80–89.
Uysal, M. and Hagan, L.A.R.(1993) Motivation of pleasure travel and tourism, in Encyclopedia of hospitality and tourism. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 798–810.
Wei, M., Bai, C., Li, C. and Wang, H.(2020) The effect of host–guest interaction in tourist co-creation in public services, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(4), pp. 457–472.
Wen, J. and Huang, S.(2019) The effects of push and pull travel motivations, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(8), pp. 805–821.
Wixon, M.(2009) The great American staycation. New York: Simon & Schuster.
World Economic Forum(2022) Interactive data and economy profiles. [online] Available at: https://www.weforum.org (Accessed: 9 June 2022).
World Economic Forum(2022) Travel and tourism development index 2021. [online] Available at: https://www.weforum.org (Accessed: 9 June 2022).
Xiang, K., Huang, W.J., Gao, F. and Lai, Q.(2022) COVID-19 prevention in hotels: Ritualized host–guest interactions, Annals of Tourism Research, 93, p. 103376.
Yi, Z.(2016) Introducing omotenashi to the world: Challenges to Japanese customer service in a cross-cultural setting, Transcultural Management Review, 13(12), pp. 47–63.
Yin, R.K.(2014) Case study research: Design and methods. 5th edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Yoon, Y. and Uysal, M.(2005) An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty, Tourism Management, 26(1), pp. 45–56.
Yusuf, M.(2020) Residents attitudes toward tourism development in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia’, The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(2), pp. 208–218.
Zhang, J., Xu, H.G. and Xing, W.(2017) Host–guest interactions in ethnic tourism, Lijiang, China, Current Issues in Tourism, 20(7), pp. 724–739.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gilang Ahmad Fauzi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
