Analisis Kontribusi Transaksi Pariwisata terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Sektor Pariwisata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36276/mws.v7i1.180Keywords:
transaksi pariwisata, produk domestik bruto, sektor pariwisataAbstract
Pariwisata merupakan sector yang sangat strategis dalam perekonomian Indonesia dan merupakan sector yang relative tahan terhadap krisis ekonomi. Apabila komponen – komponen ekonomi pariwisata dapat tumbuh pesat maka kontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan perekonomian nasional akan sangat dominan. Indikator terbaik untuk menunjukkan performa ekonomi suatu negara yaitu Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). PDB Nasional yang diperoleh sangat dipengaruhi oleh PDB sevtor pariwisata. Pariwisata merupakan sector yang tidak berdiri sendiri, akan tetapi didukung oleh sektor ekonomi lainnya. Transaksi – transaksi pariwisata untuk pengukuran PDB sector pariwisata sesuia dengan rumusan Nesparnas yaitu: konsumsi wisatawan mancanegara; konsumsi wisatawan nusantara; Investasi pariwisata; pengeluaran wisatawan nasional (pre + posttrip); dan promosi pariwisata. Oleh karena itu fokus utama penelitian ini dirumuskan : Seberapa besarkah kekuatan konsumsi wisatawan manca negara, konsumsi wisatawan, investasi pariwisata, pengeluaran wisatawan nasional dan pengeluaran promosi pariwisata mampu merubah PDB sektor pariwisata dan kontribusinya terhadap PDB Nasional dimasa depan ?. Data dalam penelitian inimenggunakan data skunder Nesparnas tahun 2000 – 2009. Alat analisis yang digunakan yaitu regresi; uji F dan uji t.Analisis tersebut dapat menggambarkan kontribusi dan pengaruh transaksi pariwisata terhadap perolehan PDB sector pariwisata. Ajusted R square sebesar 0,972, berarti bahwa 97,2%dari PDB pariwisata dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi dari transaksi konsumsi wisatawan mancanegara; konsumsi wisatawan nusantara; pengeluaran investasi pariwisata; dan pengeluaran wisatawan nasional. F test (Anova) sebesar 78,050 > 4,7725 (tabel F). Dengan signifikansi sebesar 0.000 jauh lebih kecil dari 0,05, maka model regresi dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi PDB sektor pariwisata. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa transaksi konsumsi wisatawan mancanegara ; konsumsi wisatawan nusantara; pengeluaran investasi pariwisata; dan pengeluaran wisatawan nasional secara simultan menpengaruhi Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB)sektor pariwisata Uji t pada variabel konsumsi wisatawan mancanegara (XI) sebagai penduga sangat representative sebab nilai standard error sebesar 0,059 < 1,96 dan t –hitung sebesar 7.700 > t- table sebesar 2,262 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,001. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel konsumsi wisatawan mancanegara mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat (signifikan) terhadap PDB sektor Pariwisata. Variabel konsumsi wisatawan nusantara(X2) sebagai penduga sangat representative sebab nilai standard error sebesar 0,117 < 1,96 dan t-hitung sebesar 2,927 > t-table sebesar 2,262 (tabel t df=9 du a 0,025) dan signifikansi sebesar 0,033. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variable konsumsi wisatawan nusantara mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat terhadap PDB sektor pariwisata. Variable investasi pariwisata (X3) sebagai penduga cukup representative sebab nilai standard error sebesar 0,179 < 1,96 dan t- hitung sebesar 1,675 < t-table sebesar2,262 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,155. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variable investasi pariwisata tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat terhadap PDB sektor pariwisata. Variable wisatawan nasional (X$) sebagai penduga tidak cukup representative sebab nilai standard error sebesar 0,124 < 1,96 dan t-hitung sebesar 1,975 < t-table sebesar 2,262 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,105. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variable wisatawan nasional tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat terhadap PDB sektor Pariwisata.
References
Andrian Bull. 1995. The Economics of Travel and Tourism. Second Ed. Australia : Logman House, Melbourne.
Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. 2009 Recana Strategis Pariwisata tahun 2005 – 2009. Jakarta.
Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. 2010 Recana Strategis Pariwisata tahun 2010 – 2014. Jakarta.
Heriawan. 2004. Peranan dan Dampak Pariwisata pada Perekonomian Indonesia : Suatu Model Pendekatan 1-0 dan SAM, Thesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Juan Falkoni Morales, (2003). Measuring The Economic Contributions of Tourism: A Proposal For Some Basic Indicator. UNWTO, Enzo Paci Papers, Vol.3.
Konsultan statistic, autokorelasi. http:// www.konsultanstatistik. Com/2011/08/autokorelasi.html : diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2012.
Nugrahadi, EW.2008.Analisis Sumber Pertumbuhan. Keterkaitan. Dan Distribusi Pendapatan dalam Proses Perubahan Struktural Ekonomi Provinsi Jawa Barat. Disertasi. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Oka A. Yoeti. 2008. Ekonomi Pariwisata: Introduksi, Informasi dan Implementasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. ............ 2007 . Neraca Satelit Pariwisata Nasonal Suatu Metode Pengukuran Dampak dan Peran Pariwisata Terhadap Perekonomian Nasional (Bagian II). Jurnal Ilmiah, Maret 2007,Vol.12 no. 1-20.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, 2009. Undang-Undang No. 10 tahun 2009. Tentang Kepariwisataan, Jakarta.
Singgih Santosa, 2004. SPSS Statistik Parametrik, Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta.
Sunarto, Bambang Soetiono, 2007. Ekonomi Makro, Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Pengawasan – BPKP, Jakarta.
Sukestiyarno, 2008. Workshop Olah Data Penelitian dangan SPSS, UNNES, Semarang.
Wiwiek Setya Winahyu, Regresi Terboboti (Wighted Regression / Weighted Least Square). Htt : //oc. Its. Ac. Id/jurusan. Php?bd=I&jid=3. (diakses tanggal, 25 Juni 2012).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Budi Hermawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Media Wisata applies a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) to all articles published in the journal.
Under this license, readers and other users are permitted to share, copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the published work, including for commercial purposes, provided that the applicable license conditions are respected.
Copyright Ownership
Authors retain the copyright of their published work.
By submitting a manuscript to Media Wisata, authors grant the journal the right of first publication of the article.
The right of first publication is granted on the condition that the article is simultaneously made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
The copyright ownership of the article remains with the authors unless otherwise agreed in a separate written agreement.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
The CC BY-SA 4.0 license permits users to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; and
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial purposes.
These permissions are subject to the following conditions:
Attribution
Users must provide appropriate credit to the original author(s), provide a link to the applicable license, and indicate whether changes were made.
Attribution must be provided in a reasonable manner and must not suggest that the original author(s) or Media Wisata endorse the user or the use of the work.
ShareAlike
If users remix, transform, or build upon the material, the resulting contribution must be distributed under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
No Additional Restrictions
Users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from exercising the rights granted by the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
The full license terms are available through the official Creative Commons website.
Author Rights
Authors retain the right to:
- use their published work for teaching, research, and other scholarly purposes;
- share and disseminate their published work through legitimate academic and professional channels;
- deposit and share the published article through institutional repositories, subject to applicable repository policies;
- use the article or substantial parts of it in future scholarly works, books, dissertations, or other academic publications, provided that the original publication in Media Wisata is appropriately acknowledged; and
- enter into separate non-exclusive agreements concerning the distribution or reuse of their work, provided that the original publication in Media Wisata is acknowledged.
Self-Archiving and Online Dissemination
Authors are permitted and encouraged to share their work online before, during, and after the submission and publication process, including through:
- institutional repositories;
- personal or institutional websites;
- academic profiles and networks; and
- other legitimate scholarly communication platforms.
When sharing a published article, authors are encouraged to provide a link to the official Media Wisata article page and acknowledge the original publication.
Third-Party Material
Authors are responsible for ensuring that all third-party materials included in their manuscripts, such as photographs, figures, tables, instruments, datasets, or other copyrighted materials, are appropriately attributed and used with the necessary permission or under a license that permits such use.
The CC BY-SA 4.0 license applied to an article does not automatically apply to third-party materials that are separately identified as being subject to different copyright or licensing conditions.
Author Responsibilities
Authors are responsible for ensuring that:
- the submitted manuscript is original;
- they have the necessary rights to submit and publish the manuscript;
- all sources and third-party materials are properly acknowledged;
- required permissions for copyrighted materials have been obtained; and
- publication of the manuscript does not infringe the rights of any third party.
Relationship with Open Access
Media Wisata provides immediate and free access to its published articles in accordance with its Open Access Policy.
The open access status of the journal and the CC BY-SA 4.0 license are intended to facilitate the lawful dissemination, reuse, and scholarly impact of published research while preserving authorship and attribution.
License Statement
Unless otherwise stated, all articles published by Media Wisata are licensed under:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
For the complete license terms, please refer to the official Creative Commons license information.
